discount herve leger-

two modern democratic theory, the formation of

; ;

class standard requirements: to know the basic content of Spinoza, Locke and Rousseau, democratic ideas, understanding the fundamental difference between democratic ideals and authoritarian theory, and establish support democracy, promote the progress of historical consciousness.

one. Spinoza's

1. Proposed background

(1) Europe: the development of capitalist industry and commerce, the rise of anti-feudal democratic ideas

Netherlands (2):

Politics: Netherlands revolution but not completely successful

economy: the rapid development of Dutch capitalism.

thought: Christian theology dominated the minds of the people

2. The main idea of ​​Spinoza

(1) natural rights: life is the highest right

(2) The Social Contract: The purpose of the state is to protect the right to life

(3) the best form of government concept: democracy is the best form of government

(4) the principle of freedom of thought: The purpose of politics is freedom

3. Significance: (1) is the pioneer of modern Western democratic ideas (2) the doctrine of human rights, national freedom far-reaching implications

two. Locke's separation of powers thinking

1. Proposed background

(1) British revolution successfully established a constitutional monarchy (2) to defend the achievements of the English bourgeois revolution

2. The main idea of ​​

(1) natural rights: the right to life, liberty, property, etc.

(2) The Social Contract: the monarchy in the Parliament under the collective constraints

(3) On of the best form of government: constitutional monarchy

(4) The theory of separation of powers: legislative power (the case of Parliament), executive power and foreign rights (belonging to the king)

3. Meanings: (1) The first system put forward the doctrine of

(2) of the 18th century the French Revolution, the American Revolution.

three. Rousseau's ideology of

1. Background: The French Enlightenment

2. Content: (1) to promote the natural rights school (natural rights), advocates are born free;

② The denial of the feudal monarchy, the advocate of the the

(3) advocated violent revolution burberry skirt, the establishment of a democratic republic;

④ that the source of human inequality is the private ownership of property;

⑤ The pursuit of an equal society requires not only legal equality, but also advocated economic equality.

3. Impact

the

① The Rousseau and democratic ideas, resulting in a strong social repercussions and become opposed to the feudal autocratic rule, ideological weapon to fight for freedom and liberation;

② is the ideological leader of the French Revolution, and later became the basic spirit of the call to arms ③ The

and the North American War of Independence provides a theoretical basis, which directly affect the establishment of the American political system;

④ The

inspired with lofty ideals of the Asian countries.

modern democratic ideas of the time and later the revolutionary struggle of what impact?

1, the arrival of the French Revolution was fully prepared;

2, the bourgeois revolution in Europe and America from the impact and role in promoting;

3, to encourage the people with lofty ideals of China, Japan and other Asian countries struggle to transform the old social

Exercise:

, that form of State or Government to enter into contracts and thinkers ()

(1) Spinoza (2) Locke (3) Rousseau (4) James I

A, (1) (2) (3) B, (2) (3) (4) C, (1) (2 4) D and (1) (3) (4)

2, the earliest the state power into legislative, executive, External Affairs the right to power

A discount herve leger, B, Locke, Montesquieu, C, Spinoza D, Grau show Sri Lanka

3. read the following material:

material ... when lawmakers attempt to destroy people's property or demean their status, so that it is in slavery under arbitrary power,

legislators in a state of war itself and the people, the people and therefore no longer be obedience, but only to seek God to give people to resist the violence common asylum.- John Locke government of repeal of the social contract is no exception, because if all the citizens agreed to destroy the contract, the legal destruction. - Rousseau

please answer:

(1) according to the material, respectively, pointed out that the core of the idea of ​​Locke and Rousseau, that the root cause of the despotic theory.

(2) since the 17th century democratic ideas around the world.

(3) from the historical process of modern social-democratic thought and practice, you get the inspiration?

ideological core of

answer (1): Locke: the sovereignty of the people, the people's revolution.

Rousseau: against absolute monarchy, the social contract.

fundamental reason: the representative of class interests.

(2) by the Bill of Rights, the gradual establishment of a constitutional monarchy; the United States in the 1787 constitution established a republican separation of powers; France promulgated the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, after more than a century of struggle to establish a republic polity; the late 19th century Reform Movement in burberry, followed by the Revolution, the promulgation of the Republic of China Provisional Constitution, the establishment of the bourgeois republic.

(3) implementation of democratic politics is an inevitable trend of development of human society; requires constant theoretical and practical realization of democratic politics; to establish democracy and legal awareness of the modern citizen should have the basic quality.